An Investigation Into the Use of Science by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in Relation to Climate Change

An investigation into the procedure of information by the United States environmental Protection Agency in relation to clime compound 1. Introduction temper variegate is now the greatest environmental problem confronting the earth ecosystem and military personnel beings. It is largely caused by unrestricted greenhouse gas e missionary posts all over the world from industry and many gentleman beings activities. It can be prevented from becoming worse if some decisive measures and actions are in place ( hail Environment Centre, 2012).As one of the world environmental protagonism bodies, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dedicates to encourage human health and the environment. The advocay body is established for the purpose of reducing environmental risks to the Statesns, making efforts to incorporate U. S. policies in environment into actions on the basis of the most tested scientific information (EPA, 2012). To systematically address the impact of mo od change, the adaptation haves through managing climate threat, and the exact decision-making actions, science plays an important role (Laguna, 2012).For the advocacy organisations, science can also foul their values and interests. In this case, an investigation into the use of science by the EPA concerning climate change is to be done in this overcompensate. 2. EPAs advocacy positions 2. 1 EPAs contribution to debate on climate change About debate on climate change, EPA released news to support the government policies and at the same time advocate its positions. For instance, a carbon footprint reduction program named Carbon yeti successfully increased hatfuls awareness of climate change.This received EPAs supports and achieved an EPA reinvigorated Air Excellence Award (Kaufman, 2011). In addition, EPA released a report called EPA Endangerment Finding which was made later a review of bountiful public comments and research results on climate change. The findings indicated tha t greenhouse gas from human activity is the main cause of climate change. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas pollution can also become a risk to public health and public welfare (Environmental Defense Fund, 2012).The EPA Endangerment Finding was later commented by the Office of Inspector General (OIG), but the OIG report was considered to have mischaracterised EPAs findings. EPA then sent a response to Inspector Generals report to shoot the validity of its scientific findings (EPA, 2011). EPAs attempt to state its advocacy position emphasized its use of science is significant to climate change studies. Whats more, in EPAs FY 2013 budget proposal, EPA has shown its ongoing efforts in supporting the national fuel economy and constructing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Standards Program.The budget for this program includes a $10 millon increase in the EPAs National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory for certification and compliance testing programs and in evaluating new biofuels technologies. Al l EPA 2013 budget endorses American president Obamas vision of an American that develops sustainably (Milbourn, 2012). EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson made a statement when she left Cabinet after State of Union that the need to address climate change was quite urgent. She supported Obamas positive attitude towards human health and environment protection (Johnson, 2012). 2. EPA values and interests As aforementioned, the mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment. To be more specific, the values and interests of EPA are different in nature but consistent in EPAs claim to manage climate change. Interests represent EPAs desire or goals to achieve something especially in a conflict situation (Maiese, 2012). It is notable that there make it conflict between human health and strength use on one hand, lot want to live healthily on the other hand, human activities at present inevitably contribute to the production of greenhouse gas so as to prompt climate change.Unde r such circumstance, EPA positions itself as a facilitator to center the threat to human life and elevate the environment condition where volume live (EPA, 2012). It is the goal that EPA aims to achieve, and human health is their priority. By contrast, values are slipway mass see the world and the fundamental ideas they believe are right (Maiese, 2012). EPA states that to protect the environment is all the peoples responsibility. It believes that climate change affects everyone because peoples daily life is closely connected with the climate.A changing climate in the degrading environment can lead to a shortage of peoples water supplies, power systems, and human safety. If no efforts are to be made to reduce the risks of climate change to human life, the world in which the adjacent generations live will have to face more disasters (EPA, 2012). In general, EPA focuses on the amelioration of the current condition of climate change in order to work out a more environment-friendly world in the future. The most important task so far is to raise everyones awareness of awaitping climate change since everyone has the responsibility. . EPAs use of science 3. 1 Role of science Scientific research plays a prominent role in managing climate change, and EPA tries to use science to support their interests and values. It is known that science has led to a better see to iting of climate change and proves the general conclusions made by previous scientists in the then(prenominal) few years. It confirms that the causes of climate change originate from human activity rather than the natural forces and the effects of climate change are very serious (Leggett, 2007).To throw out study the direct cause of climate, EPA manifests that the temperature of the earth is the main factor, while it is the greenhouse effect that keeps a high heat of the earth atmosphere. With the industrial development, humans began to practice growing influence on climate, particularly through inc reasing billions of tons of greenhouse gases to the earth atmosphere (NRC, 2010). In addition, since the 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate, most of the global calefacient under observation is owing to greenhouse gas emissions by human beings (NRC, 2002). The figure below demonstrates the change.Figure Earths temperature change in the 20th century pic Source Hegerl et al. , 2007 It can be observed that with human-caused greenhouse gases emissions, the earths temperature soared in the mid-20th century. In another word, human hold responsible to climate change. To comprehensively address climate change and raise peoples consciousness of environment protection, EPA uses science to tell people about why climate is changing, its impacts and adaptation, indicators for find climate change, and prediction of future climate dynamics (EPA, 2012).This in turn warns people about the potential serious effects of climate change and appeals them to come in into the actions to stop climate change . 3. 2 Use of science to support values and interests The values and interests of EPA are presented previously that EPA aims at ameliorating the current condition of climate change for the sake of creating a world where people can live healthily and in harmony with the environment. EPA values everyones responsibility of slowing put down climate change as the most important for the reason that everyone contributes to and shares the effects of climate change.EPA thereby attempts to convince people by using science that if their efforts can congregate together, the climate change will not become a threat. Since EPA considers climate change is related to everyones daily activity, and it is not just a simple slogan, EPA adopts the common-sense approach to develop standards for greenhouse gas emissions. Under the guidance of the Clean Air Act which is an American federal practice of law, EPA is able to respond to the law actively by taking a series of common-sense-procedures to face the challenge of climate change.It is acknowledged that all the people should get to know the basic scientific facts about climate change, and if no actions are expungen, our planet will fall into a very dangerous state (Clark & Gleick, 2010). That is to say, taking actions can save human from confronting catastrophic results. To EPA, human health and environment are two important objectives it endeavors to protect. Besides, the sustainable development of the next generation is also the top concern. In this case, people now have to understand how to reduce greenhouse gas in everyday life from the basic common sense.EPA, therefore, tells people to use electricity more, blaze woods less, keep recycling, save water at home, at the office, on the road and at school. It presents them how much greenhouse gas emissions can be reduce and at the same time how much coin can be saved through replacing the old energy source with new eco-friendly energy (EPA, 2012). All these common senses are supported by science using mathematic calculation to make people be aware of the significance and benefits to be green, and frankincense be healthy. For instance, EPA shows people to have a full load of their dishwasher when it is running.This can save up to 100 pounds of carbon dioxide with approximately $40 money being saved per year (EPA, 2012). Such common sense enables people to learn how to be a smart energy user. All these efforts and EPAs use of science are consistent with EPAs values and interests because the goal is to involve everyone in taking actions to adapt to climate change and in an effort to stop it. It is no doubt an undeniable fact that climate change is not a single person or only an advocacy bodys responsibility to face with and manage, instead, it needs everyones participation.However, to really involve everyone requires enough patience and time. 4. Conclusions To sum up, the report made an investigation into the use of science by the United States Environment al Protection Agency (EPA) relating to climate change. The report chose EPA for the study because it has clear stand on climate change. In another word, it advocates people to take actions to prevent the climate change from becoming worse. The report presented EPAs contribution in the debate on climate change that EPA has new releases, published written document on climate change as well as media appearances by its administrator.The report then demonstrated EPAs values and interests in order to understand EPAs advocacy positions in climate change. To be more specific, EPA focuses on the amelioration of the current condition of climate change in order to compel a more environment-friendly world in the future. The most important task so far is to raise everyones awareness of stopping climate change since everyone has the responsibility. After that, EPAs use of science was given to look at how it tries to support its values and interest.For one thing, by manifesting scientific informa tion on climate change, EPA shows people the importance and peoples mission to deal with it for another, by using common-sense approach with science calculation to help people get obscure in taking actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. All in all, EPAs use of science successfully supports its values and interests. Reference List Clark, W. C. , & Gleick, P. H. (2010). Climate change and the integrity of science. intuition, 328(5979), 689-690. Environmental Defense Fund. 2012). Overview of EPA endangerment finding. Retrieved from http//www. edf. org/climate/overview-epa-endangerment-finding EPA. (2011). EPAs response to Inspector Generals report on endangerment finding. Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/64a85204a88e46a785257919006fce32 OpenDocument EPA. (2012). Climate change bedrock. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/climatechange/basics/ EPA. (2012). Our mission and what we do. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/abou tepa/whatwedo. tml Hegerl, G. C. , Zwiers, F. W. , Braconnot, P. , Gillett, N. P. , Luo, Y. , Marengo Orsini, J. A. , Nicholls, N. , Penner, J. E. , & Stott, P. A. (2007). Understanding and attributing climate change. In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller (eds. ), Climate change 2007 The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth legal opinion report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. Johnson, A. (2012).Statement by EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson announcing her leaving cabinet after State of Union. Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/3b1c073659f5e6a785257ae100548961 OpenDocument Kaufman, J. (2011). Carbon Yeti snares City of Bellevue an EPA Clean Air Excellence Award. Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/14401a7faa2166cb852578a90059f 915 OpenDocument Laguna, P. (2012). Use science to address climate change. Retrieved from http//www. hilstar. com/science-and-technology/2012/11/29/875809/%E2%80%98use-science-address-climate-change%E2%80%99 Leggett, J. A. (2007). Climate change Science and policy implications. CRS Report for Congress. Maiese, M. (2012). Interests, positions, needs, and values. Retrieved from http//www. beyondintractability. org/bi-essay/interests Milbourn, C. (2012). EPAs FY 2013 budget proposal focuses on core environmental and human health protections / EPA budget supports President Obamas vision of an America that is built to last.Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/d38e604ef465557a852579a3005f4630 OpenDocument NRC (2002). Abrupt climate change Inevitable surprises. National Research Council. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA. NRC (2010). Advancing the science of climate change. National Research Council. The National Academi es Press, Washington, DC, USA. Total Environment Centre. (2012). Climate change. Retrieved from http//www. tec. org. au/climate-change